Hi Chris,
For me, I say start with a bass drum mic and snare mic. After all, this is where most time is being kept. You can find drum mic kits that bundle snare / bass, toms, etc. I like to spend a little extra money on my kick drum microphone so I opt out on these kits unless they have a nice kick drum mic. I personally have used a Shure Beta 52 as well as an AKG D 112. There are plenty others out there, shop around. Experiment with baffles and placement of the microphone to find that sweet spot. As for the snare, I use the old stand by, Shure SM57. Again experiment with mic placement, my preference is just above the rim pointing towards the center of the drum, that's not to say I won't move it around for different sounds. After getting the bass and snare, I would add a condensor for your overhead. If you can only afford one, then place it over the kit or in front of the kit to capture most of what is going on above the snare and bass. Lastly, add a condensor to the hi-hat and/or tom microphones. This will allow you to play with panning on the toms, bring levels up and down, etc. for the overall mix.
The next step is to figure out how you want to record. This will be based on your budget. I recommend spending the extra money and getting a device with at least 8 inputs. I personally use a Line 6 UX8 as my interface but there a ton of similar devices out there. Basically this device converts the analog microphone signal to digital. All you have to do is plug this into a single USB port on your computer. The one thing I really like about the UX8 is it gives you simulated modeling for two of the inputs. I use these on my bass drum and snare drum to emulate a nice mic pre. This might be a bit much for first time recorders though. You have to do some configuration with routing and what not to get this to work right. I'm also not sure what software ships with this device. I would look for a device that ships with Cubase LE or Sonar, etc. This will save you quite a bit of money up front. I will try to do a tutorial on how I route and configure things on my computer when I get a chance. For now, I say go shop a little and ask questions on here and I'm sure we can offer some advice?
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